Cognitive development theory
Cognitive development theory developed by Jean Piaget. Who was a Swiss psychologist , who described the merchanism by which the mind process new information . Basically he was development biologest who develop his life to close observing and recording the intellectual ability of infant. Children, adolescent. His theory on the stage approach to development .
*** Piaget argues that the infant don't acquire knowledge from fact communicated by others, nor through sensation and perception. He suggested that knowledge is the product of direct motor behaviour.
*** Piaget assume that all children pass through a series of universal stages in fixed order. He believed that quantity and quality develop.
*** Cognitive development occurs in an orderly fashion. Children pass through four major stage.each stages accurate appropriate physical maturation.
General concept of cognitive development.
Stage :- a period in a child development in in which he or she is capable of understanding for some things.
Schema/scheme :- an organised pattern of sensori-motor represented in the mind of a set of perception, ideas and actions .
Operation:- the process of working something out of your head.
Adaptation:- adaptation is a process go through assimilation and accommodation.
Assimilation:- The process by which a person takes material into their mind from the environment, which may changing the evidence of their sense to make it fit.
Accommodation:- the process ,in which people change the existing ways of thinking that occur in response to encounter with new stimulus or events.
First stage :- sensory-motor stage
This stage start from birth to two years
The basic features of this stage
* Circular reaction
* Goal-directed behaviour
* Object permanence
* Mental representation
* Deferred imitation
Second stage:- the preoperational stage
This stage start period 2 year to 7 year
Basic features
* Operation
* Symbolic function
* Concentration
* Egocentric thought
* Transformation
* Intuitive thought
* Conservation
Third stage :- concrete operations
From 7 year to 12 year
Basic features
* Classification
* Class inclusions
* Decentration
* Identity
*Compensation
Forth stage:- formal operation
From 12 years to onwards
Basic features
* Hypothetics
* Deductive reasoning
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