Ctet child development and padagogy

Ctet child development and padagoyquestions papers

Piaget theory, cognitive development theory

Cognitive development theory

    Cognitive development theory developed by Jean Piaget. Who was a Swiss psychologist , who described the merchanism by which the mind process new information . Basically he was development biologest who develop his life to close observing and recording the intellectual ability of infant. Children, adolescent. His theory on the stage approach to development .

   ***  Piaget argues that the infant don't acquire knowledge from fact communicated by others, nor through sensation and perception. He suggested that knowledge is  the product of direct motor behaviour. 

    *** Piaget assume that all children pass through a series of universal stages in fixed order. He believed that quantity and quality develop. 

   *** Cognitive development occurs in an orderly fashion. Children pass through four major stage.each stages accurate appropriate physical maturation. 

    General concept of cognitive development.

 

    Stage :- a period in a child development in in which he or she is capable of understanding for some things. 

    Schema/scheme :-  an organised pattern of sensori-motor represented in the mind of a set  of perception, ideas and actions .

    Operation:- the process of working something out of your head. 

    Adaptation:- adaptation is a process go through assimilation and accommodation.

   Assimilation:- The process by which a person takes material into their mind from the environment, which may changing the evidence of their sense to make it fit. 

  Accommodation:- the process ,in which people change the existing ways of thinking that occur in response to encounter with new stimulus or events.

 

   Stage of cognitive development

    First stage :- sensory-motor stage

  This stage start from birth to two years

  The basic features of this stage

   * Circular reaction

  * Goal-directed behaviour

 * Object permanence

  * Mental representation

  * Deferred imitation

   

  Second stage:- the preoperational stage

  This stage start period 2 year to 7 year

   Basic features

  * Operation

  * Symbolic function

  * Concentration

  * Egocentric thought

  * Transformation

  * Intuitive thought

  * Conservation

  Third stage :- concrete operations 

   From 7 year to 12 year 

   Basic features

  * Classification

  * Class inclusions 

  * Decentration

  * Identity

  *Compensation

  Forth stage:- formal operation 

  From 12 years to onwards

 Basic features

  * Hypothetics 

  *  Deductive reasoning

sangha and monasteries

The sangha

              1)
                   Both the Mahavira and the Buddha felt that only those who left their homes could gain true knowledge They arranged for them to stay together in the sangha, an association of those who left their homes.
                  2)
                     The rules made for the Buddhist sangha were written down in a book called the Vinaya Pitaka.From this we know that there were separate branches for men and women. All men could join the sangha. However, children had to take the permission of their parents and slaves that of their masters Those who worked for the king had to take his permission and debtors that of creditors.Women had to take their husbands’ permission.
     

Lord Buddha ,

The history of lordl buddha 

Siddhartha, also known as Gautama, the founder of Buddhism, was born about 2500 years ago.This was a time of rapid change in the lives of people.New cities were developing, and life was changing in the villages as well . Many thinkers were trying to understand these changes in society. They also wanted to try and find out the true meaning of life.The Buddha belonged to a small gana known as the Sakya gana, and was a kshatriya. When he was a young man, he left the comforts of his home in search of knowledge. He wandered for several years, meeting and holding discussions with other thinkers. He finally decided to find his own path to realisation, and meditated for days on end under a peepal tree at Bodh Gaya in Bihar, where he

attained enlightenment. After that, he was known as the Buddha or the Wise One. He then went to Sarnath near Varanasi, where he taught for the first time. He spent the rest of his life travelling on foot going from place to place, teaching people,till he passed away at Kusinara.The Buddha taught that life is full of suffering and unhappiness. This is caused because we have cravingsand desires (which often cannot be

fulfilled). Sometimes, even if we get what we want, we are not satisfied, and want even more (or want other things). The Buddha described this as thirst or tanha. He taught that this constant craving could be removed by following moderation in everything.He also taught people to be kind, and to respectthe lives of others, including animals. He believed that the results of our actions (called karma), whether good or bad, affect us both in this life and the next. The Buddha taught in the language of the ordinary people,Prakrit, so that everybody could understand his message.

   Question 1

  Where is located bodh Gaya

   a) assam

   b) uttarkhand

  C)  Maharashtra

    D ) none of the above

    2 first university teach buddha manuscript ?

   A) Kolkata university

   B ) nallandha university 

   C Madras university

  D)  Mumbai university

   3 when Buddha born that time which river site develop city ? 

   A ) Indus

   B) Ganga

   C ) Brahmaputra 

   D.  beas

Reference. ncert.nic.in